NURSINGBABU

  Antipsychotic drugs vs their dose Typical Antipsychotic (First Generation) Chlorpromazine -40-800 mg Perphenazine- 12-64 mg Fluphenazine -1-40 mg Thioridazine -150-800 mg  Thiothixene -6-30 mg Haloperidol 1-100mg Atypical Antipsychotics (Second Generation ) Clozapine300-900 mg Risperidone4-16 mg Olanzapine5-20 mg Quetiapine150-750 mg

  TYPES of delusion 1.Delusion of persecution 2.Delusion of grandiosity 3.Delusion of infidelity 4.Delusion of Nihilism 1.Delusion of persecution Patient thinks that people are planning to kill or harm him/her 2.Delusion of grandiosity Patient feels more superior and powerful than he really is 3.Delusion of infidelity Patient thinks that his/her spouse is unfaithful on him/her. Feeling of being cheated by spouse 4.Delusion of Nihilism Patient feels that things do not exist (everything including self) and a sense that everything is unreal.

Types of personality disorders with characteristics features 1.Paranoid personality 2.Schizoid personality  3.Schizotypal personality 4.Histrionic personality 5.Narcissistic personality 6.Borderline personality 7.Antisocial personality 1.Paranoid personality Long-standing suspicious, hypersensitive, secretive, hostile and irritable 2.Schizoid personality  Passive, seclusive, indifferent, cold and aloof 3.Schizotypal personality Odd thinking, peculiar Schizotypal personality language, bizarre thinking, idea of reference 4.Histrionic personality Attention seeking, provocative, flamboyant, personality dramatic 5.Narcissistic personality Excessive self-admiration, self-importance, sense of grandiose, egocentric 6.Borderline    personality Impulsive, manipulative,  self mutilative 7.Antisocial personality Aggressive, rule breaker, abusive, lying, theft 8.Avoidant personality Overly serious, fears criticism withdrawn, sensitive to rejection, inflexibility Dependent p...

MOST IMPORTANT golden key points about psychiatric 1. Linda Richards is considered as First Psychiatric Nurse.  2.Sigmund Freud is the father of Modern Psychiatry.  3.Freud's model of development which comprised id, ego and superego' is called Structural Model . 4. Psychoanalytic therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud.  5.The term Psychiatry was coined by Christian Reil.  6.The Nobel Prize for experiments on split brain was given to Roger Sperry.  7.Pavlov's experiment is an example of Classical Conditioning. 8. The theory of operant conditioning was experimented by B F Skinner.  9.Cognitive model suggests that psychological disorders result from acquiring dysfunctional ways of Thinking and Acting. 10. The Indian Lunacy Act was passed in the year 1912.  11.The Indian Mental Health Act was passed in the year 1987. 12. Mental Healthcare Act 2017 (MHA 2017) received presidential assent on April 7th, 2017 and replaced the 1987 Act.  13.Mental Health...

Disorders of Thinking/Thought 1.Pressure of thought:  Ideas arise very rapidly and in great variety,passing through the mind quickly. It may be experienced in mania or schizophrenia. 2.Poverty of thought: The mental state of being devoid of thought and having a feeling of emptiness. 3.Thought blocking:  A person stops speaking suddenly and without explanation in the middle of a sentence. Common in Schizophrenia. 4.Flight of ideas: Rapid speech with frequent shifts in topic with no association between topics. 5.Perseveration:  Repetition of a particular response (such as a word, phrase, or gesture) regardless of the absence or cessation of a stimulus 6.Verbigeration :  Obsessive repetition of random words. It is similar to perseveration, in which a person repeats words in response to a stimulus. 7.Loosening of associations :  Series of ideas are presented with loosely apparent or completely in apparent logical connections. 8.Word salad : Confused or elligible mix...

  Disorders of Consciousness 1.Consciousness It is awareness of the self and the environment 2.Somnolence :  State of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods 3.Stupor :  A state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility 4.Coma :  A deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened 5.Delirium (confusional state):  Characterized by disorientation, distorted perception, enhanced suggestibility, misinterpretations and mood disorders 6.Obnubilation (twilight state): Starts and ends abruptly.amnesia is complete; the patient is disordered, his acting is aimless, sometimes aggressive, hard to understand. The person may be Stuporous or Delirious 7.Hypnosis :  Artificially incited change of consciousness 8.Syncope :  Short-term unconsciousness

  Disorders of Memory 1.Short-term memory (working memory):  For verbal and visual information, retained for 15-20 sec., low capacity, e.g. retaining phone number while dialing. 2.Long-term memory :  Wide capacity and more permanent storage,e.g. childhood memories, language vocabulary 3.Amnesia :  Severe memory loss. 4.Retrograde amnesia:   Cannot recall events that occurred prior to the brain trauma. 5.Anterograde amnesia:   Cannot recall events that occurs after the brain trauma. Occurs due to failure to make permanent traces. 6.déja vu:   It comprises the feeling of having experienced a current event in the past, although it has no basis in fact. 7.Jamais vu:   It is opposite to déja vu. The phenomenon of experiencing a situation that one recognizes in some fashion, but that nonetheless seems very unfamiliar. 8.Confabulation :  Gaps in memory are unconsciously filled with fabricated, misinterpreted, or distorted information 9.Amnesic diso...

  Motor Disorders 1.Hypoagility :  An overall lowering or deprivation of activities 2.Hyperagility :  Means Excessive activity 3.Mannerisms :  A habitual gesture or way of speaking or behaving 4.Stereotypies :  A motor disorder with onset in childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand waving or head banging) 5.Posturing :  An abnormal involuntary flexion or extension of the arms, legs and or body parts. 6.Waxy flexibility: The person is nearly or completely unresponsive to stimuli and remains immobile for long periods of time 7.Echopraxia :  Meaningless repetition or imitation of the movements of others 8.Negativism :  Seen in patients with catatonia. opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli 9.Automatism :  Automatism is more or less coordinated,involuntary motor activity Occurring during a state of impaired consciousness either in the course of or after an epileptic seizure and usually follow...

MOST important TERMINOLOGY related psychiatric 1.Akathisia :  Motor restlessness, inability to sit still. 2.Anhedonia:  Inability to experience pleasure in any activity 3.Amnesia:   Partial or total inability to recall fast experience organic or emotional. 4.Apathy :  Lack of emotional feeling 5.Anorexia nervosa :  Characterized by extreme concern with  body weight, an intense fear of becoming fat, and maintenance of body weight below expected level. 6.Blunt affect: A reduction in emotional experience. 7.Circumstantiality: A pattern of communication that is includes many irreverent and unnecessary trivial detailed in his speech before he is able to come to the point. 8.Idea of reference:  It is an incorrect belief that the statements or actions of others are related to oneself. 9.Déjà vu:   A subjective feeling that an event which is occurring for the first time has been experienced before. 10.Delusion :  A false, fixed and unshakeable belief...

Types of schizophrenia with their key  features 1.Paranoid schizophrenia 2.Hebephrenic schizophrenia 3.Catatonic schizophrenia 4.Simple Schizophrenia 5.Undifferentiated schizophrenia 6.Residual schizophrenia 7.Pfropf schizophrenia 1.Paranoid schizophrenia *Most common type of schizophrenia *Presence of delusion, hallucination and false *belief of grandeur *Good prognosis 2.Hebephrenic schizophrenia *Worst diagnosis *Disorganized thinking, flat affect, *inappropriate emotions or behavior 3.Catatonic schizophrenia *Best prognosis *Marked disturbance in motor behavior *Rigid posture and waxy flexibility *ECT and IV Lorazepam is the treatment of choice 4.Simple Schizophrenia *Worst prognosis after hebephrenic schizophrenia *Predominantly negative symptoms *Symptoms are mild and does not exhibit psychotic trait 5.Undifferentiated schizophrenia When the patient cannot be categorized into other types 6.Residual schizophrenia It is characterized by past history of at least one episode of s...

  Hallucination It is the Perception without any obvious stimulus Types of hallucination with their key features 1.Auditory hallucination  2.Visual hallucination 3.Olfactory hallucination 4.Gustatory hallucination 5.Tactile hallucination 6.Kinetic hallucination 7.Delusional zoopathy 8.pseudohallucinations 1.Auditory hallucination  *Person hears non-existent sounds. *Most common type of hallucination. *Common in schizophrenic patient. 2.Visual hallucination *Person sees something that does not exist *Common in acute organic brain stem conditions 3.Olfactory hallucination *Person smells odors that do not exist. *Odors are usually unpleasant.  *Can occur in schizophrenia and organic states. *It can also be caused by Epilepsy 4.Gustatory hallucination *Person tastes something that is not present *Seen in depression 5.Tactile hallucination *Person senses that they are being touched when they are not. *Commonly associated with substance use such as cocaine or amphetamine 6...

  Formula to calculate IQ The German psychologist William Stern (1871-1938) introduced the idea of intelligence quotient, or IQ IQ=Mental /chronological age×100 Lets discuss how IQ determined mental retardation Mental retardation VS IQ Mild MR- 50 to 70 Moderate MR- 35 to 50 Severe MR- 20 to 35 Profound MR- Less than 20

ICD 10 CLASSIFICATION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS   Introduction ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD),a medical classification list by the World Health Organization(WHO) Chapter V of the ICD 10 Classifies of Mental and Behavioral Disorders List of Categories FO0-F09: Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders FI0-F19: Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive F20-F29: Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders F30-F39: Mood [affective] disorders F40-F48: Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders F50-F59: Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors F60-F69: Disorders of adult personality and behavior F70-F79: Mental retardation F80-F89: Disorders of psychological development F90-F98: Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence F99-F99: Unspecified mental disorder LIST Of Important ...

  NEUROTRANSMITTER 1.ACETYLCHOLINE Decreased level -Alzheimer's disease Increased level -depression 2.NOREPINEPHRINE Decreased level - depression Increased level - Mania, Anxiety states,Schizophrenia 3 .DOPAMINE Decreased level -Parkinson's disease  and depression Increased level- Mania and schizophrenia 4. SEROTONIN Decreased level-Depression Increased level- Anxiety state 5.HISTAMINE -Decrease level 6.Gamma amino butyric acid(GABA) Decreased level -Anxiety disorders,schizophrenia and various forms of epilepsy 7.SOMATOSTATIN Decreased level-Alzheimer's disease Increased levei-Causes Huntington's diseasse

 LIST OF 14 PSYCHOSEXUAL DISORDER   1.FETISHISM 2.TRANSVESTISM 3.SEXUAL SADISM 4.SEXUAL MASOCHISM 5.EXHIBITIONISM 6.VOYEURISM 7.FROTTEURISM 8.PEDOPHILIA 9.ZOOPHILIA 10.FRIGIDITY 11.IMPOTENCE 12.PRE MATURE EJACULATION 13.NON ORGANIC VAGINISMUS  14. NON ORGANIC DYSPAREUNIA  *FETISHISM Sexual arousal occurs with a non living object which is usually intimately associated with the human body. The fetish object may include bras, underpants, shoes, gloves etc *TRANSVESTISM Sexual arousal occurs by wearing clothes of opposite sex *SEXUAL SADISM The person is sexually aroused by physical and psychological humiliation or injury of sex partner *SEXUAL MASOCHISM The person is sexually aroused by physical and psychological humiliation or injury inflicted on self by others *EXHIBITIONISM The person is sexually aroused by exposure of one's genitalia to an unsuspecting stranger *VOYEURISM - This is a persistent or recurrent tendency to observe unsuspecting persons necked usually of ...

  DEFENCE MECHANISM VS THEIR DESCRIPTION AND EXAMPLE 1. REPRESSION - Unconscious and involuntary forgetting of painful ideas, events and conflict Example - Forgetting a loved one's birthday after fight 2. DENIAL Unconscious refusal to refuse an unacceptable ideas or behaviour Example -  a husband may refuse to recognise obvious signs of his wife's infidelity 3. DISPLACEMENT - Unconsciously discharging pent up feeling to a less threatening object Example - getting angry at your child or spouse because you had a bad day at work 4. REACTION FORMATION -  Replacing unacceptable feelings with their exact opposite  Example -  treating someone you strongly dislike in an excessively friendly manner in order to hide your true feelings. 5. RATIONALIZATION -  IT is a process in which an individual justifies his failures and socially unacceptable behaviour by giving socially approved reasons Example -  A student might blame a poor exam score on the instructor ra...

PHOBIA VS THEIR DEFINATION  1.ACROPHOBIA-fear of heights 2. AEROPHOBIA-fear of flying 3.ARACHNOPHOBIA-fear of spiders 4.ASTRAPHOBIA - fear of thunder and lightning 5.AUTOPHOBIA- fear of being alone 6.CLAUSTROPHOBIA - fear of confined or crowded spaces 7.HEMOPHOBIA - fear of blood 8.HYDROPHOBIA - fear of water 9.OPHIDIOPHOBIA- fear of snakes 10.ZOOPHOBIA - fear of animals 11.ALEKTOROPHOBIA - fear of chickens 12.ONOMATOPHOBIA - fear of names 13.POGONOPHOBIA - fear of beards 14.NEPHOPHOBIA-fear of cloud 15.CRYOPHOBIA , fear of ice or cold 16.ACHLUOPHOBIA-Fear of darkness 17.ACROPHOBIA - Fear of heigh 19.ALGOPHOBIA - Fear of pain 20.AGORAPHOBIA - Fear of public spaces or crowds 21.AICHMOPHOBIA - Fear of needles or pointed object 22.AMAXOPHOBIA - Fear of riding in a car 23.ANDROPHOBIA - Fear of men 24.ANGINOPHOBIA - Fear of angina or choking 25.ANTHOPHOBIA - Fear of flower 26.ANTHROPOPHOBIA -  Fear of people or society  27.APHENPHOSMPHOBIA - Fear of being tou...