PEDIATRICS VS SOME SUPER SELECTIVE QUESTION

 PEDIATRICS VS SOME SUPER SELECTIVE QUESTION 

 1.Father of indian pediatric is.........

Ans.Doctor K.C. Chaudhuri

2. Father of American pediatrics Nursing is ........ 

Ans.Abraham JacobiC

3.National Children's day celebrated on........

Ans.14 November

4.Universal/World children day celebrated on ...........

Ans.20 November

5.The modern concept of paediatric nursing is.........

Ans.Continuous & preventive care of whole child

6.The number of Basic right of child care is......

Ans.10

7.Declaration of the right of child on .........

Ans.20th November 1959

8.The children act establish  ....... at India to provide care,maintenance, welfare, training, education &rehabilitationof child

Ans.1960

* It is Amended  in 1977

*The child labour (Prohibition & Regulation) act in 1986

*The child marriage restrict act -1978

*The Hindu adaptation & maintehance act -1956

*Infant milk substitute, Feeding bottles & Infant food act -1992

 9.Juvenile justice act establish in .........for care & protection of child

Ans.2000

*Amended (n) in 2006

10.The government of india adopted a National policy for children in........

Ans. August 1974

11.Beneficiaries of ICDS-1975

*Children 0-6 year

*Adolescent girls 11 to 18 year

*Pregnant women

*Nursing mothers

* Women of 15 to 45 year age group

*The scheme was launched in 1975

12.The 1st printed book on paediatric was Italian 1472 by Bagallarder's is

Ans. Little book on disease in children 

*Florence Nightingale's book : Notes on Nursing 1859

13.Infant mortality rate according to (2014 SRS Sample Registration System) is......

Ans.39/1000 live birth C

2015-37

2019-30

* Under five mortality rate is 49/1000 live birth

*Neonatal mortality rate is 28/1000 live birth

*peonatal mortality is 13/1000 live birth

14.Baby friendly hospital initiative (BFHI) was launched in.........

Ans.1992

* Was launched by WHO and UNICEF

*Neonatology: Branch of medicine concerned with treatment & care of newborn babies.

*Neonatal period: first 4 weeks of baby.

Early neonatal period: Birth - 7days

Late neonatal period: 7days - 28 days

Perinatal period: 28 wk to 7 days

15.A Very Low Birth Weight baby has a birth weight less than......

Ans.c. 3 pounds, 4 ounces/1500 grams

 1.A. Vernix caseosa: (White) creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering skin of fetus during last trimester of pregnancy(29-40wks)

*Protects your baby's skin from infections while in womb

*WHO recommends (not wiping off vernix at birth. Main reasons to wait with your baby's first bath

2.Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spot) -Dark blue or Purple bruise-like macular spot usually located over sacrum/ buttocks

*.The spots appear when melanocytes remain in deeper skin layer during embryonic development

*Present in 90% Black and asian

*Disappear by 4 years of age

3.Appropriate place of care for a baby with birth weight 1500-1800gm is .....

Ans. secondary level hospital

4.Kangaroo mother care

Skin-to-skin contact B/W a mother & her newborn, frequent or exclusive breastfeeding, & early discharge from hospital has been effective in reducing risk of mortality among preterm & LBW infants.

5.Kangaroo mother care is a way of protecting the baby from ..........

Ans. Hypothermia,/silent killer

6.During KMC the baby should be......

Ans. Wearing cap, diaper and socks

7.Baby receiving KMC should be monitored for.......

Ans.Neck Position,Airway Clearance,Body Color

8.The best way of feeding a newborn weighing less than 1200 grams, on first day of life is.......

Ans.Gavage feeding

9.The most prone period of neonatal death due to hypothermia is .......

Ans.First 24 hrs/first week

10.A complication of oxygen therapy in preterm infants is.......

Ans. Retinopathy of Prematurity

*It Is a small box of transparent plastic through which Oxygen enters

*This device is suitable for infants.

*Flow 2 litre/mt.

*High saturation o2 for 30 days cause Retrolental Fibroplasia (Abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue behind lens of eye, leading to blindness)

12.Anterior fontanels/Bregma 

*Diamond-shaped

Closure at1 ½ year

*2 to 3 cm wide and 3 to 4 cm long.

The posterior fontanel is triangular

Closure-1-2 months

13.Aplasia cutis congenita is a condition in which there is congenital absence of skin

14.Cephalohematoma:- Blood that collects B/W a newborn's scalp and skull

*Rupture of blood vessels crossing periosteum due to pressure on fetal head during birth.

*Do not cross suture line

*It absorbed with in 6 weeks with no treatment

15.Caput succedaneum:

Swelling of scalp in a newborn.

*It can cross suture line

*Subsides within a few days

16.It is a process of functional & physiological maturation of individual is called

Ans. Development

17.Growth:-It is process of physical maturation result in increase in size of body & various organ

18. Infantometer :- Measure length of baby

*From top of their head to bottom of one of their heels

*Average length at birth for a baby is 19 to 20 inch (about 50 cm)

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE

*At birth:- 33-35cm (Increase 1.5cm /month for first 6 mon

At 3 month:-40cm

At 6 month:-43cm

At one year:-45cm

At 2 year: 48cm

At 7 year:- 50cm

At 12 year:- 52cm

19.Measurement of chest circumference is done By placing tap at level around nipple in B/W Inspiration & Expiration

20.Neonatal reflexes/Primitive reflexes:- Are present at birth are gradually inhibited by higher centers in brain during first 3 to 12 months of postnatal life.

21.Rooting reflex/Sucking reflex:- Help in Breast feeding

*Stimulate:-When corner of mouth/Check/lips of Newborn are stimulated by examiner

*Act:-Newborn turning of his/her head toward stimulating site & open mouth

Disappear:

3-4/month (Awake)

5-6 month(Sleep)

Absent Indicate: Brain damage (After Both side

22.Tonic neck or fencing reflex (Asymmetrical)

While newborn is falling asleep or sleeping, gently & quickly turn head to one side.

Newborn faces Lt side, Lt arm & leg extend outward while Rt arm & leg flex.

. When head is turned to Rt side, Rt arm & leg extend outward while Lt arm & leg flex.

Disappears within 3 to 4 months.

If after 3-4 month does not disappear is converted in Symmetrical Tom

neck reflex (STNR)

Disappear:- at 9 month

23.Moro reflex:-Develops B/W 28-32 weeks of gestation

▸ Hold newborn in a semi-sitting position & then allow head & trunk t fall backward to at least a 30-degree angle.

Newborn assumes sharp extension & abduction of arms with thumbs & forefingers in a "C" position this is followed by flexion & adduction to an "embrace" position (legs follow a similar pattern).

1. Spreading out arms (abduction)

2. Pulling arms in (adduction)

3. Crying (usually)

5.A body jerk motion may be response B/W 8 & 18 weeks.

Disappear:-6month

› Persistent response lasting >6 months may indicate a neurological abnormality.

Eg. Cerebral palsy

Moro reflex is impaired or absent in infants with kernicterus

Asymmetrical:- Indicate

# Clavicle bone, Humerus bone,

*When Moro Reflex is stimulated in an infant infant will Extend arms with palms of hands turned upwards and then move arms back of the body

24.You note that when a finger is placed under the toes of a newborn, toes will curl downward. This is known as ....

Ans.planter grasp reflex

7.Plantar grasp/Grasping reflex

> Place a finger at base of toes.

▸ Newborn's toes curl downward.

› Resolve:-8 months

8.Galant reflex/Truncal incurvation reflex, : It is elicited by holding newborn in ventral suspension (face down) &

>If Stimulate rt side of spine. flex toward stimulated side.

› Disappear 3-4 Month

Parachute reflex

*Reflex appears at about 6-9 months & persists thereafter

*Elicited by holding the child in ventral suspension & suddenly lowering him to the couch

*Armsextend as a defensive reaction

Clinical significance

*Absent or abnormal in children with cerebral palsy

Would be asymmetrical in spastic hemiplagia

* Absence reflex indicate immaturity of spinal cord

1.Urinary bladder capacity in new born is ......

Ans.30 ml

• 1ml/kg/hrs normal urine out put of infant

*Adult normal bladder capacity (10-60yrs)=600-800ml

2......formula is used for measure bladder capacity in older children

Ans. Koff's formula

▸ Bladder capacity (mL) = [age (years) + 2] × 30

3.A congenital, anomaly in which urethra opens on [under side of penis or on perineum is......

Ans.Hypospadias

*Hypospadias. 

Most common congenital anomaly of penis

Urethra open on underside) (Ventra surface) of penis

Epispadias:- Urethra open on topside (Dorsal surface) of penis

1.Paraphimosis:- It happens to people who have partially circumcised or completely uncircumcised penises.

The foreskin becomes trapped behind head of penis and can't be pulled down to cover end of penis

2.Classical symptoms of nephrotic syndrome is

Protein urea,Massive Edema,Hyperlipidemia

3.In an orchiopexy, attachment of testis to fascia of thigh in an effort to reduce tension on vessels and suture line is known as 

Ans.Torek procedure

* Orchiopexy:- Surgery to move an undescended (cryptorchid) testicle

into scrotum and permanently fix it there

* clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome is

Anasarca,Ascites,Frothy urine

*Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome is Inflammatory or immune process

*Normal serum albumin level is 35-55 g/liter

*Is made mainly in liver.

*It helps keep blood from leaking out of blood vessels.

*DOC for nephrotic syndrome

Ans.Prednisolone least 2mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided does for at least

*4-6 week. (90% Initially respond)

*Most complication of syndrome

Ans. Infections Ex Pneumonia

▸ At ......age develop the social smile in the infant:

Ans.2-3 month

*Smile to mother/Caregiver

*Know that cry will bring attention

*At which age develop the Grasps objects in the infant:

Ans.4 month

*5 months

Smiles at minor image.

Put feet in mouth,

▸ Put feet in mouth-Oral stage+ upto 1 yr Psychosexual theory

*At ...... age baby sits with support.

Ans. 6 month

Six-----Cricket

6 Month

16/(Six need Support)- Sit with support

Cricket Ball-------Wicket-III(Tripoid position)

• हम Ball को एक ही हाथ पकड़ते हैं- Unindextrous approach (Hold object hand)

नया खिलाड़ी तो : Stranger anxiety

Monosyllables words (3) Eg. "Yes", "no"

▸ Eruption of 1st Teeth (Lower Incisors

7 Mont

Sits alone with some use of hands for suppor

Transfer object from one hand to another

Give response when his/her name is spoke

*At ........ age baby Sits without support

Ans.8 monts

8 month

Sits without suppor

पैराशूट बना सकते हैं

Parachute reflex appear at 8 month (Never disappea

• जब बच्चा नीचे गिर रहा है दादा मम्मी चिल्ला Eg of Disyllable ward but without meanin

9 Months

9 को उल्टा करें तो P:- Pincer immature gars

10 month radial digital gras

10-12 month mature pincer gras

9  बन जाता है:-bye by

• 9 खुद खड़ा नहीं रह सकता:- 9l ie. Stand with suppor

*Crawl कर सकता है

*physiological jaundice of new born Appears in 1st week of li

Peak (72-90 hr

*Newborn's immature liver often can't remove bilirubin quickly enough, causing an excess of bilirubin

Normal or physiological jaundice appear

After 24 in full-term newborn

After 48 hours in premature newborn

Note:-Jaundice occurring before this time (Pathological jaundice) may indicate early hemolysis of RBC & must be reported to physician।

1.In term babies subsides by:-7th day of birth

Phototherapy

Choice of treatment for physiological jaundice:

2.Kramer s rule used for:

Ans. Jaundice

3.Clinical assessment of jaundice (KRAMER'S STAGING

Area of body

Face 4-8

Upper trunk5-12

Lower trunk & thighs 8-16

Arms and lower legs11-18

Palme&erloe15

*Transcutaneous bilirubinometer

Do not require a blood sample. A light-emitting sensor is placed on infant's skin (Optimatty on Forehead or sternum).

*Distance of phototherapy light is ........

Ans.45 cmk

-Femarbone-45cm

→ Umbilical cord-45cm

→ Iv drip/Blood transfusion-45cm

*Phototherapy

Distance B/W baby & Light is 45cm (18 Inch)

Use:-4 Blue light

(Most effective)

*Range of light 550-600nm

Complication:

Bronze baby syndrome (Dark brown pigmentation of skin)

Dehydration

Hyperthermia

*All of the following are essential for an infant with jaundice and under phototherapy 

*All of the following are essential for an infant with jaundice and under phototherapy 

Covering the genital area, Covering the eyes,Breast feed every 2 hourly,Cover the infant's eye Prevent Retinal damage

*The thick yellow milk secreted by mother just after two day delivery:

› D. Colost h-1st milk produced after delivery (Yellow serous fluid)

Composition of colostrum 

Protein %-8.6

Fat %-2.3

CHO%-3.2

H20 %-86

Composition of

breast milk

Protein %-1.2

Fat %-3.2

CHO%-7.5

H20 %-87

*.......drug used to inhibit milk secretion after delivery?

Bromocriptine

 Prevents secretion of prolactin, thereby preventing or suppressing milk production

*Major protein present in human milk:-Lactalbumin/ Whey protein

*One of the following nursing cares for cracked would be

Ans. Exposing the nipples to air as much as possible

*Cracked nipples typically appear 3 to 7 days after birth

*The initial feeding should last for;

c) 5-10 min on each breast