Golden key point VS Fundamental Nursing

 Golden key point VS Fundamental Nursing

1.Florence Nightingale defined Nursing as "the art of utilizing the environment of patients to assist them 

2.Environment is the focus of nursing care in Nightingale's theory

3.According to Virginia Henderson, "Nurses help client to perform 14 basic needs"

4.Neuman's system model: Stress reduction is goal of systems model of nursing practice

5.The theory that involves care and helps the client attain total self-care is Orem's theory.

6.Peplau's theory focuses on interpersonal relationship (4 phases of interpersonal relationship).

7.Callista Roy developed the adaptation model, known as Roy's Adaptation Model

8.Dorothea Orem: Self-care deficit nursing theory

9.The type of assessment that includes data related to a client's biological, cultural, spiritual and social need is called Comorak Assessment 

10.Screening is a process for evaluating the possible presence of a particular problem. The outcome is normally a simple yes or s

11.Vital Signs are also known as Cardinal Signs

12.The Vital Signs are: 1. Temperature, 2. Pulse, 3. Respiration, 4. Blood pressure, and 5. Pain.

13.Heat loss due to contact with circulating air movement is known as Convection.

14.Transfer of heat from one object to other without contact is known as Radiation (60% heat loss from skin is through radiation

15.Body temperature of a healthy person is higher in the evening than in the morning.

16.The range of marking in glass/clinical thermometer is 95-110" F and 35-43.3*C.

17.Normal Oral temperature is 98.6°F (37"C).

18.Normal Axillary temperature is 97.6" F (36.4"C) [1'F lesser than oral temperature)

19.Normal Rectal temperature is 99.6° F (37"C) [1"F higher than oral temperaturel.

20.Tympanic temperature = Oral temperature.

21.Hypothermia - Temperature < 95° F.

Hyperthermia- Temperature up to 105°F.

Hyperpyrexia - Temperature > 105°F.

22.Best site for assessment of temperature in children is Axilla.

23.Rectal temperature is the most reliable.

24.TO assess rectal temperature, the thermometer is inserted 1.5 inch in adult and 1 inch in children. Position - Left lateral.

25.Wipe the thermometer from bulb to stem with moist swab before taking temperature.

26.Wipe the thermometer from stem to bulb with dry swab after taking temperature.

27.Relapsing fever: Fever episodes are separated by intervals of normal temperature for days or weeks.

Lysis: Temperature falls in a zigzag manner (step-ladder pattern).

Crisis: Sudden return of temperature to the normal range from a very high temperature.

Rigor: Sudden rise in body temperature with shivering as seen in malaria.

Inverse fever: temperature rises in the early morning rather than in the evening.

Normal Respiratory Rate: 12-18 breaths/min.

Hyperpnea-Increased depth of breathing with normal respiratory rate is called Hyperpnea.

28.Paradoxical respiration is seen in Flail Chest due to Blunt Chest Trauma.

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration is characterized by Altered Period of Tachypnea and Apnea.

Kússmaul Respiration (Air Hunger) is associated with Severe Metabolic Acidosis and Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

29.Always count pulse for one full minute.

30.Suitable site to check pulse in newborn is Apical Pulse.

31.Pulse deficit refers to the difference between apical pulse and radial pulse.

Pulse pressure refers to difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Pulse Pressure = Systolic Blood Pressure- Diastolic Blood Pressure

32.width of the cuff should be 40% of the arm circumference and length of the cuff should be 80% of the arm circumference.

33. Blood Pressure Cuff that is too large will give falsely low reading of BP 

34.A Blood Pressure Cuff that is too small will give falsely high reading of BP

35.Non maleficence is an ethical principle that obliges one to not inflict intentional harm (to do no harm). 

36.Intentional torts include assault, battery, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, libel, slander and trespassing. .Beneficence: 

37.Doing good for clients and providing benefit balanced against risk. 

Fidelity: Being loyal and faithful to commitments and accountable for responsibilities.

 Veracity: Teling the truth and not intentionally deceiving or misleading clients.

 Slander refers to crime of making false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation .

 Abduction-Movement of an extremity away from the body midline is called Abduction.

 38.Adduction: Moving toward midline of the body. .

39.Extension: Straightening a joint. 

40.Flexion: Bending motion that decreases the angle of joint. 

41.Isotonic solutions allow free movement of water across the membrane without changing concentration of solutes on either side, e.g. 0.9% NaCl. :

42. Hypotonic solution:Solutions in which solutes are less concentrated than in the cells, e.g. 0.45% NS. 

43.Hypertonic solution: Fluids with solutes more concentrated than in cells, e.g. 5% dextrose. 

44.Hospital has to keep MLC record up to Ten Years, because they serve to demonstrate professional integrity. 

45.The order of techniques during physical examination (except abdominal exam) is Inspection ,Palpation ,Percussion,Auscultation.

 46.For abdominal exam, the order of examination technique is Inspection Auscultation Percussion Palpation.It is because percussion or palpation may alter the bowel sound.

47.  Surgical asepsis or "sterile technique" is used in surgery and invasive procedure and medical asepsis or "clean technique" that involves procedures to reduce the number and transmission of pathogens.

48. Stérilization aims at killing all microorganisms and their spores. To be effective, the autoclave must reach 121°-123°C and maintain temperature for at least 30 minutes. The most unreliable method of sterilization is Sunlight.

49. Microbicidal activity takes place due to presence of UV rays. It does not kill spores.

50. Gently pulling and inverting Gloves when removing them decreases the risk of spreading the pathogens. 

51.Oxygen has a drying effect on mucous membrane that results in damage to the airways, secretions may become thick and difficult to clear, and it also causes airway obstructions .so Oxygen has to be humidified before administration. 

52.Taping the Foley catheter to upper thigh helps to prevent accidental removal, decreases the trauma to urethra/bladder. 

53.If a patient has taken cold or hot drink, wait for 20-30 minutes in order to measure the right oral temperature. 

54.If patient develops chills and headache during blood transfusion, the immediate action is to stop the transfusion. 

55.Common indication of infitration of a peripheral intravenous infusion is cool skin distal to the insertion site. Other signs include Swelling, burning sensation, discomfort and feeling of tightness. Redness and swelling around the insertion site (V cannula) might indicate the signs of infection/inflammation. 

56.The nurse must stop IV infusion and remove cannula immediately if patient complains of painand has redness with swelling at the site of IV. 

57.Hand washing is the single most effective method of prevention of microorganism transfer from one person to another in the hospital setting

 58.Mask is the only PPE needed when the nurse is assigned to a patient who has a bacterial pneumonia and is under droplet precautions (if no other indications) 

59.The stages of infection in sequence - Incubation, Prodromal, IlIness and Convalescence stages. 

60.Factors that can produce falsely low reading of Oxygen saturation (SpO,) by pulse oximetry (SaO,) include methemoglobinemia, anemia, inadequate peripheral circulation, blue or green nail polish and edema. 

61.Adult Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) decreases with an increase in body fat. Normal BMR in women is 1493 calories and normal BMR in men is 1662 calories.

62.Patient's position to perform colonoscopy: Make the patient lie on his/her left side of the body with legs bent

63.The ideal length of insertion of rectal suppository in an adult is 4 inches beyond internal sphincter.

64.Vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred site of intramuscular injections in infants.

65.Intramuscular injection (IM) is given at an angle of 90.

66.Maximum volume of medication for a single IM injection in adult is 5 ml.

67.Subcutaneous injection is given at an angle of 45.

68.Maximum volume of medication for a single subcutaneous injection in adult is 1 to 1.5 ml.

69.Intravenous injection is given at an angle of 25°.

70.Intradermal injection is given at an angle of 10 to 15.

71.Maximum volume of medication for a single Intradermal injection is 0.1 ml.

72.Palliative treatment is to relieve symptom and improve quality of life.

Cold application is also known as Cryotherapy.

Patient incident report is also known as accidental report which is the documentation of the incidence or any acident in detail.

Discharge planning of a patient ideally begins at the time of the admission of a patient.

Nursing informatics is a field of nursing that incorporates nursing, computer and information sciences to improve patient care

outcomes.

A Kardex or Rand System is a medical information system used by nursing staff to communicate a quick summary of individual

patient needs that is updated at every shift change.

Active, inactive potential and resolved problems that serve as the index for charting documentation is known as Problem List.

Traditional nursing chart is divided into sections or blocks. It also uses graphics and narrative charting

Narrative charting is considered as traditional charting method.

Personal assessment and judgment of incident should not be considered while filling up an incident report

Using a score that rates each patient by severity of illness is known as acuity charting

Problem Oriented Charting is focused on the patient's problems.

Components of SOAP format is Subjective data, Objective data, Assessment and Plan.

Managed care is a systematic approach to care that provides a framework for the coordination of medica! ad rursing interventions.